Shrinking America: One Surgery at a Time :: essays research papers

Kellie received bariatric surgery a year and a half ago, at age 26, and lost over half her weight—160 pounds (St. Vincent 1). Over one million morbidly obese people in the United States have already received gastric bypass surgery. Since obesity has reached such epidemic proportions, everyone in America is looking for a cure. Gastric bypass surgery has rapidly become a solution for severely obese persons. Being obese causes emotional and physical distress and suffering, which increases a person’s desire to become thin. Several thousands of people are taking control of their lives and health by having bariatric surgery. Gastric bypass surgery has been performed with minor variations since 1968 (How it Works 3). The procedure has grown rapidly over the past few years and numerous hospitals have added the surgery. Success rate/recovery, society’s influence, and health factors all play a significant role as causes for a person to decide if this life-altering, someti mes dangerous, surgery is right for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most popular of three surgeries for the morbidly obese. In this procedure, surgical staples are used to create a small pouch in the stomach connected to the bowel by a piece of the small intestine, bypassing the majority of the Babbitt 2 stomach. This form of surgery accounts for almost 90% of the procedures performed in the United States (USA Today 2). Generally gastric bypass remains strictly for patients who are morbidly obese by 100 pounds or more over his or her healthy weight. When people have this surgery, they will not only lose a significant amount of weight, but also see obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea greatly diminish or even vanish (Hochstrasser 98). Most patients will lose 50-70% of their excess body weight; some patients will lose even more (Hochstrasser 53). The operation limits the amount of food a person takes in, decreases the amount of calories consumed, and makes it so eating less will still be satisfying. By exercising and eating healthy foods, the weight-loss can be considerably enhanced. Though the surgery rarely gets people to their ideal body weight, most patients get within 30-40 pounds (Woodward 67). Weight loss begins immediately after the operation . The majority of people will continue to lose weight for approximately twelve months. The amount of weight a patient will lose every month will fluctuate depending upon the height and weight prior to surgery (Woodward 57).

Development: Advantages and Disadvantages

Development is often defined in terms of progress, forwardness, and modernity. It is characterized by high-rise building, state-of-the-art gadgets, consumer goods, and an over all idea of a good life. However, according to Amartya Sen, development â€Å"is a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy† and also a â€Å"process of removing unfreedoms and of expressing the substantive freedoms of different types that people have reason to value† (Gasper, 2000). This definition has to be further analyzed because the real effects of this so-called development are very much contested.There have been numerous debates whether development infused positive or negative consequences. Development is a very controversial term and much is to be known with regards to its effects, whether it is indeed beneficial to those under it or it is a curse that they are better off without. Development brings a more comfortable life but at the expense of the environment and the tradi tional culture of the people. The advantageous effects of development which is primarily focus in the idea of giving a better life for the people under it has also been discussed and taken into account.This is best described by the changes in the way of life of the Ladakhi people in the midst of development. One of the most important contributions of development is through health and the decrease in life mortality. It is through the progress of science and technology especially in the field of medicine that treatments for diseases which were incurable before are now given solutions. The traditional life of the Ladakhis is a good example. Previously, people in Ladakh die from diseases that western medicine has found a cure for but the introduction of development in this place has aided in solving this problem.Furthermore, infant mortality in Ladakh which is estimated to be as high as fifteen percent decreases due to improvement in health conditions (Norberg-Hodge, 1991). Development has also given the opportunity for people coming from one part of the world to be more accustomed and familiar with those living in the other parts of the globe. The idea of development has paved the way for better communication and interaction by means of the media, trade, and other methods of progress.Many Ladakhis are enjoying some benefits of development as the introduction of money and technology made their lives more comfortable than before. They enjoy the ability to travel to new places and buy various kinds of material goods outside like imported rice and sugar which have become parts of the everyday meal of the Ladakhis (Norberg-Hodge, 1991). Development has also answered one of the serious problems in Ladakh, which is illiteracy. It is through the idea of development that new opportunities for education are provided.Education gives those people who traditionally belongs to the socially disadvantaged the chance to acquire higher position. People do not have to be contented by simply being a blacksmith because they could apply for a better job by educating themselves. This opportunity is especially seductive to younger people because of the freedom and mobility that they associate in living the modern world (Norberg-Hodge, 1991). Moreover, education also opens new horizons for these people as they could learn different things coming from various places instead of being confined in their own environment.Development has brought real improvements to the traditional society of Ladakh. The introduction of money, technology, as well as improvement in the medical conditions entail with it significant benefits for the Ladakhi people. Using these aforementioned factors as a gauge, it can be said that their condition is better and far more comfortable as compared before (Norberg-Hodge, 1991). The effects of development is not always seen in an advantageous lens because there have been instance wherein it has bring more harm rather than good.This is greatly felt in third world countries or the so-called developing countries that are just recently undergoing the path of industrialization. The study of Ladakh before and after the influences of development came into their place is a good example in order to measure the negative outcomes of development. One of its adverse effects is in terms of the environment. The establishment of factories, buildings, and other form of modernity has taken its toll in the ecological condition of society. The western idea of development has forgotten to include the importance of sustainable development.A good example is Ladakh, a territory that is situated in the Indian region of Jammu and Kashmir. It is known for its breathtaking environmental beauty especially its mountain formations. For 500 years, the Ladakhis have been self-sufficient as they are only dependent upon their environment where they acquire their basic needs as well as their little luxuries in life. However, this kind of situation changes drast ically with the presence of westerners that insisted in changing Ladakh in a more progressive territory.The usual source of living of the citizens that is greatly through agricultural means is now changed with employment in factories at the center of town. Majority of Ladakhis have their own land but they have foregone tilling their own soil to acquire occupations that give them money in return rather than natural resources that they need. Such kind of thinking is highly influenced by tourists coming in Ladakh that are instilling the idea that the their form of life is backward and that through the aid of science they could even maximize the products that they get from the environment.This perception of development is producing discontentment and greed among the people that forces them to destroy the environment which have been a source of their livelihood for many years just so they could satisfy this new form of desire (Norberg-Hodge, 1991). The presence of new source of modernity in return is polluting their environment. The rivers that have been a source of life for these people could not even be drunk anymore. The fresh air that they once breathed is now polluted and even the land that play an important role in their traditional culture and local economy is being replaced by infrastructures.Being the case, it is just evident that the idea of sustainable of development is not given due importance but rather what is observable is the destruction of the environment that is inconsiderate of the succeeding generations’ welfare. Another important drawback that is brought about by development is its ability to destroy the traditional culture that has been the very roots of people’s identity. New ideas of what development is, of what is modern and what is not, and even the idea of what is civilized from what is not are threatening the values and traditions that local people uphold.In the case of the Ladakhs, as their way of life is infiltrated by mo dernity their value system is also being in changed. These people strongly believed in their strong relationship with nature and among themselves. This is rooted from the idea that each and every life form is dependent upon each other. Nature and everything in it as well as the people have an interdependent and intertwined interaction. One cannot survive without the other and vice versa. Unfortunately, this had changed dramatically.The old tradition wherein they acquire their fundamental means of living in the environment has its limit but this is not the case anymore as progress persist ecological boundaries are being transcended. This is even observably in the relationship of the Ladakhis, which is communal in nature. Before, to be able to sustain their everyday needs they work together characterized by cooperation and harmony amongst them with each individual taking equal responsibilities in the accomplishment of a particular task.They do such as a mutually beneficial practice be cause whatever they gained as a group would eventually be advantageous for them individually as well. As the idea of stiff competition enters the frame of mind of these individuals they started to take for granted their communal identity and instead focused on their personal gains. Such incident resulted in the break down of communities as less interaction among them exists due to the fact that they no longer work together in acquiring their needs but rather they compete against each other in order to acquire a job.The kind of work that allows them to be source of cheap labor, which is seen in the establishment of call centers in India (Can, 2004). This competition has been the cause of friction among citizens. The Indians and Muslims in Ladakh who has live side by side in harmony for many ears are now experiencing conflict due to the struggle for scarce resources, the unequal competition in the market, and the over all idea of greediness (Norberg-Hodge, 1991). Lastly, development c laims to bring security through employment, maximization of resources, and easier access to other parts of the world.Ironically, its outcomes brought more insecurity not only to the environment but most especially to the perception of the people towards themselves. By means of western tourists and the influence of media, the idea of comparison is produced wherein people like the Ladakhis evaluate their way of life based upon the lifestyle of those in the west. This intends creates an idea of inferiority to these people because they cannot measure up to the western idea of what a good life is. They feel ashamed of what they are as well as to the values and traditions that they once uphold.Their choices and actions changed in a way that they want to pattern it with the west. Ladakhi people lost their self-esteem and their very sense of self-identity (Norberg-Hodge, 1991). Such kind of mentality is exemplified even in their form leisure. If before they find pleasure by bonding among th emselves they now seek new ways of enjoyment. Children now play with toys like Barbie and Rambo and the adults want to watch movies and read magazines. Being the case, this resulted in less time for the family and even changed their perspective of how to view a man from a woman.A woman should give value to her aesthetic importance while a man should maintain a macho imaged which the media enforces. Even the idea of education has a polarized perspective as it is based upon the western curriculum. Traditional form of education is based upon ones’ experienced as how it would be useful in their environment unlike the western education that specializes on a particular field that limits a person capability. These aforementioned situations, heightens the insecurity of these people to see themselves as second class citizens and forced them to be prototypes of the westerners.There are two faces in the idea of development. One side of development has its positive or advantageous effect s. Using freedom as a lens could aid in seeing the beneficial outcomes of development. There are three important roles that development contributes in the attainment of freedom. First, its â€Å"direct importance† that enables people to decide for themselves without any constraints. Even the poorer section of the society could participate in the market place as they are given the chance to participate in the activities within the market. Second, development entails â€Å"instrumental importance†.This paves the way for people to achieve their desired results through the freedom that development gives them. Development provides the means or methodology that enables individuals to accomplish their objectives. Lastly, its â€Å"constructive role† that provides the venue for easier exchanged of information. This allows people to participate more in the formation of policy as they have the ability to express their opinions and suggestions. Development empowers them to participate more and enables them to highlight important issues that should be immediately addressed. However, development also has its negative side.It is seen in the adverse outcomes that it brought. This is mostly highlighted in the case of Ladakh wherein it has experienced drastic changes in its environment, its way of life, and its people’s perception of themselves. Development has affected the ecological state of Ladakh that diminishes the source of natural means for its people. The idea of environmental sustainability has been neglected in order for modernity to take place. The once beautiful place of Ladakh has very disturbing problems of pollution. Another adverse consequence of development is how it undermines the traditional culture of local people.They no longer adhere to their usual practice of communal activities. The people become more individualistic that resulted in the breakdown of communities. This affected their relationship that is previously grounded in the belief of the interconnectedness of their lives with nature and among each other but has changed due to development. Furthermore, even the way people look at themselves have changed as they lost their self-esteem and identity. They compared their way of life to that of the west, which resulted for them to feel a sense of inferiority.Ladakhis have to change their selves in order to measure up to their western counterparts. The advantages and disadvantages that development brings should be further studied. A deeper understanding of its effects could aid in finding the balance of how development could best be practiced in such a way that it could helped the people to live a life of comfort without undermining their local values and traditions. The lesson that can be learned from these outcomes is that the meaning of development should be re-assessed and re-evaluated.Development should not simply be taken as it is especially if the only basis of what development is comes from the p olarized definition of western standards. Another factor that also have to be taken into consideration is who really benefits from development. If its really after the good of all or just a few. A better understanding of development and a sense of awareness of how it takes place as well as its results are effective means by which development could be gauged whether it really has advantageous or disadvantageous effects. References Can, M. ed. (2004). Chains of Future: Linking Women Producers and Workers in the Global Markets. London: Commonwealth Secretaries. Gasper, D. (2000). â€Å"Development as Freedom: Taking Economics Beyond Commodities- The Cautious Boldness of Amartya Sen†. Journal of International Development. 12. 989-1001 Norberg-Hodge, H. (1991). â€Å"Nothing is Black, Nothing is White†. In Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh. London: Random. Norberg-Hodge, H. (1991). â€Å"The Development Hoax†. In Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh. London: Random. Sen, A. (1999). â€Å"The Perspective of Freedom†. In Sen, A Development as Freedom. Oxford.

How to Tour the Nevada Nuclear Test Site

The Nevada Test Site is the location where the United States conducted atomic testing. Did you know you can visit the Nevada Test Site, formerly called the Nevada Proving Grounds and now known as the Nevada National Security Site? Here is how to take the tour. Get on the List The Nevada Test Site is located about 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada on US-95, but you cant just drive up to the facility and look around! Public tours are conducted only four times a year, with specific dates determined a few months in advance. The size of the tour group is limited, so there is a waiting list. If you want to take the tour, the first step is to call the Office of Public Affairs to get your name on the waiting list for the tour. In order to get accepted for the tour, you must be at least 14 years old (accompanied by an adult if you are under 18). When you make a reservation, you need to supply the following information: Full nameDate of birthPlace of birthSocial Security number Keep in mind the tour date may change if the weather isnt cooperative, so its good to build a little flexibility into your schedule. What to Expect Once you register for a tour, youll get an email confirmation of your reservation. A couple of weeks before the visit, youll get a packet in the mail that includes an itinerary for the trip. The tour is free.Radiation badges are no longer used. In order to get badged for security, you will need to present a drivers license or valid passport (foreign nationals) upon arrival.Expect a full day of activities. Visitors meet in Las Vegas to board a tour bus at 7 am, returning to Las Vegas at 4:30 pm.Youll need to pack a lunch.Dress appropriately. Wear comfortable, sturdy shoes. You will not be allowed to take the tour if you are wearing shorts, a skirt, or sandals! Las Vegas is (very) hot in the summer and (very) cold in the winter, with temperatures ranging anywhere in between the extremes. Consider the season when packing for the trip.You cannot bring in any recording devices or electronics of any kind. Do not bring a cell phone, camera, binocular, recorder, etc. Mandatory checks are conducted. If you are caught with a recording device, youll get thrown out and the whole tour group will be returned to Las Vegas.No firearms are permitted.

Louis Armstrong The Father Of Jazz And The Starter Of A...

Louis Armstrong was perhaps the father of Jazz and the starter of a whole new way to express the African-American culture, but he was also much more than that. Armstrong was one of the greatest leaders that the African Americans could have asked for, whether or not they knew it at the time. He was not recognized for his leadership skills as much as he was for the iconic jazz music he created. Louis Armstrong expressed black culture through his music and did not make it for people to enjoy, instead he made it because he loved it and felt that it was important to him. He said that the pleasure he got from it was his inspiration for life . He was often considered a â€Å"traitor of his art† by both blacks and whites for the way he revolutionized Jazz by incorporating things into his music that was unheard of, such as scat . During this time, the civil rights movement was occurring. While other African Americans were using tactics like bus boycotts, marching, and sit-ins, Louis sa t quietly yet had an equal, if not bigger, impact . People considered Louis Armstrong a silent fighter during the Civil rights movement because he sat back quietly and did not comment much on it, but instead let his music doing the talking. Louis Armstrong used his revolutionary jazz music to bring together blacks and whites and help end segregation and unequal rights. Armstrong made sure that his individuality be expressed and known throughout the country. Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 andShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesothers who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneou s study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis

Schizophrenia Stigmas, Causes and Brain Activity...

Schizophrenia Stigmas, Causes and Brain Activity Differences Contrary to popular belief, Schizophrenia is not a mental health disorder but a psychotic based disorder, in which those affected often experience psychosis. Those experiencing psychosis are known to lose touch with reality; this loss often results in delusions and/or hallucinations. This leads one to ask: what are the social stigmas, plausible causes and brain activity differences related to schizophrenia? Background Schizophrenia is broken down into 4 subtypes: Paranoid-type, Disorganized-type, Undifferentiated-type, and Residual-type (Goldberg, 2013). Paranoid-type Schizophrenia is the most well known type, and is often seen as the stereotypical view of Schizophrenia.†¦show more content†¦Psychiatrist D. Fuller Torrey, M.D., states Schizophrenia is the â€Å"modern-day equivalent of leprosy† (qtd: in Tartakovsky, 2014). There are harsh stereotypes surrounding those affected such as a higher level of danger, universal symptoms, predetermined traits, a need for hospitalization, and even, put simply by Demian Rose, M.D., Ph. D., a belief Schizophrenics are either psychotics or not. (Tartakovsky, 2014). These stigmas lead to extremely detrimental effects such as, more homeless sufferers, less job opportunities, a lower quality of life, lower self esteem, higher stress levels, and more symptoms (Corrigan, 1998). Like most problems, these stigmas could be corrected with a fairly basi c understanding of Schizophrenia and how it affects its sufferers. The most common of these stigmas is the higher level of danger. According to professor Dawn I. Velligan, many people believe those affected by Schizophrenia are more dangerous than the general public because of their disorder; however, schizophrenics usually tend to be the victims of violence rather than the â€Å"perpetrators† (Tartakovsky, 2014). 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IKEA leadership style Essay Example For Students

IKEA leadership style Essay IKEA leadership style BY zy09021 Leadership style: Theory and example: Employee-centered behavior: a study of foreman at the International Harvester Company identifies two dimensions of leadership behavior: employee-centered behavior and Job-centered behavior. Define: focusing on relationships and employee needs. Example: h, deep talk This can make employee think that company cares their idea and emotion; their leaders cared on them not just on completinging Job perfectly. Power theory: from John French and Bertram Raven (1958) five bases of power, here e discuss three of them in detail. Expert power: Define: the leader has specialized knowledge in completing certain task and this professional skills are valued by team members. Example: sales department manager has great experience Group power: Define: characteristic such as collective problem solving, creative brainstorming and group resolution is greater than the individual contribution. Example: designer brainstorm meetingn? ¤nAiU Reward power: Define: remuneration, awards, compliments, and promotion opportunity; other staff welfare: Let me conclude some useful insights for you: with the flat organizational structure, free communication environment, democratic leadership style and effective reward system, Ikea Ningbo did a really great Job not only in selling goods but more importantly in caring employees. Just as every person we interviewed, all of them mentioned one thing: they really enjoy their working time and dont think working everyday is a great burden. This makes us really wants to work in Ikea in the future. compliments, and promotion opportunity; HE*JIA; other staff welfare:

James D. Watson Essays - Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics

James D. Watson James watson was born in Chicago, Illinois on april 6th, 1928. he went to school for eight years and went to high school for two years. Then he received a tuition scholarship to the university of chicago , and went there for four years . in 1947 , he received a b.s.c DEGREE IN ZOOLOGY. HIS INTEREST WAS IN BIRDWATCHING , BUT LATER , HE GOT MORE INTERESTED IN GENETICS . AFTER HE HAD EARNED MANY EDUCATION RELATED DEGREES IN DIFFERENT SUBJECTS , HE STUDIED THE EFFECT OD X-RAYS ON BACTERIOPHAGE MULTIPLICATION . FROM 1950 TO 1951 , HE WORKED IN COPENHAGEN AS A MERCK FELLOW . HE LATER MET MAURICE WILKINS AND SAW THE X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERN OF CRYSTALLINE DNA . THIS MADE HIM VERY INTERESTED AND HE THEN CHANGED THE DIRECTION OF HIS FUTURE . HE THEN STARTED WORK ON THIS MATERIAL . LATER , HE LEARNED LOTS MORE CONCERNING DNA , AND THIS LEAD TO A FAMOUS FUTURE FOR HIM . James Watson WAS commended AND STILL IS COMMENDED because of one huge reason : He and Francis crick discovered the structure of dna . at the time , in 1950 , he was racing with maurice wilkins , rosalind Franklin , and linus pauling to unleash the true structure of dna . in particular , they were trying to figure out that dna was a molecule in which two strands made up a tightly linked pair with the help of bases : adenine bonded with thymine , and guanine bonded with cytosine . they called this a double helix . after they had proved this in 1953 , they were awarded a noble prize 9 years later in 1962 . 6 years later , James taught at harvard and cal tech . he has made many large contributions to the understanding of the genetic code . He then became the director of the cold springs harbor laboratory of quantitative biology , in new york state . james watson wrote the double helix in 1968 , the story of how he discovered the structure of dna. watson helped the human genome project at the national institutes of health by mapping the sequence of dna from 1988 to 1992 . he then guided the human genome project through the argument regarding genetic research . he tried to make a full directory of the genetic code of the human species . he had to find the right combination of 50,000 to 100,000 different genes . if he could prove this , it could result in many cures to people with disorders regarding genetics . the human genome project was thought to be the most determined project in interest of biology . james watson left the human genome project at the national institutes of health in 1992 after he felt he had contributed enough toward them . he then became the president of the cold harbor laboratory in 1994 . with the knowledge of all the things he introduces, james watson wanted to share what he knew by writing some books about what he and crick discovered . Modern biology would differ greatly if james watson and francis crick , two very determined biologists had not revealed the structure of dna . Universities and governments everywhere have thought of james watson as a recognizable man and awarded him with degrees and all kinds of awards . he has written many famous books that tell about how he discovered the structure of dna . he wrote his best selling book Double helix, and also wrote : the dna story, molecular biology of the gene, molecular biology of the cell and recombinant dna : a short course . watson has always been an argumental being when concerning biology . james watson has either been an inspiration in biology or he has been a strong leader for every reason . he is known as the " infant terrible " of molecular biology . he has also been reprehended for being inconsiderate socially , politically , or morally involving the human genome project . theend